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Parramatta Light Rail

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Parramatta Light Rail
Overview
Mode(s) Light rail
Website www.parramattalightrail.nsw.gov.au
Ownership and operation
Controlling authority Transport for NSW
Operator(s) Transdev

The Parramatta Light Rail (often unofficially referred to as the Western Sydney Light Rail) is a proposal for a twelve kilometre light rail line in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, running from Westmead to Carlingford via the Western Sydney centre of Parramatta. The initial announcement of the project also included an eastern branch from Camellia to Strathfield. Plans to construct this branch were deferred in February 2017, and in October the original plans were replaced with a redesigned and truncated route to Sydney Olympic Park. The project will add to light rail in Sydney but the new line will be completely separated from the existing and under construction lines. The project is managed by the New South Wales Government's transport authority, Transport for NSW.

History

Public transport services in Sydney
Proposed
  • F1 Manly
  • F2 Taronga Zoo
  • F3 Parramatta River
  • F4 Cross Harbour
  • F5 Neutral Bay
  • F6 Mosman Bay
  • F7 Double Bay
  • F8 Cockatoo Island
Proposed

Background and initial announcement

In 2013, Parramatta City Council published a $1 million feasibility study into a proposed Western Sydney Light Rail Network, designed to improve transport links throughout Western Sydney and meet the challenges posed by the projected rise in population in the region in the coming decades. The study found that a light rail system was a viable solution to address the growing transport needs of Parramatta and Western Sydney. The report estimated $20 million in funding was required to undertake a detailed investigation and to prepare a business case.[1] It proposed that construction of the network would take place in several stages, the first of which comprised a route from Macquarie Shopping Centre to Castle Hill via Eastwood, Dundas, Parramatta and Baulkham Hills, with a branch from Parramatta to Westmead. Further extensions were proposed from Parramatta to Bankstown and Rhodes.[1]

As part of its 2014/15 budget, the New South Wales Government announced Transport for NSW would investigate ten potential light rail routes in Western Sydney. The government allocated $400 million to ensure funds for detailed planning and construction of an initial project would be 'ready to go', should the investigations prove favourable.[2] Six of the ten routes being investigated were eliminated from contention in October 2014.[3] The routes investigated were:

Route Status Notes
Parramatta to Bankstown Not selected
Parramatta to Castle Hill via Old Northern Road Not selected
Parramatta to Castle Hill via Windsor Road Eliminated in October 2014 Based on the route proposed by Parramatta City Council
Parramatta to Liverpool via the Bus T-way Eliminated in October 2014
Parramatta to Macquarie Park via Carlingford Parramatta - Carlingford section selected
Parramatta to Macquarie Park via Eastwood Eliminated in October 2014 Based on the route proposed by Parramatta City Council
Parramatta to Strathfield/Burwood via Sydney Olympic Park Strathfield option selected Route extended from Sydney Olympic Park to Strathfield/Burwood in October 2014
Parramatta to Sydney CBD via Parramatta Road Eliminated in October 2014
Parramatta to Rouse Hill Eliminated in October 2014
Parramatta to Ryde via Victoria Road Eliminated in October 2014

Of the final four routes, the Macquarie Park via Carlingford and the Strathfield via Olympic Park options were perceived as the frontrunners to be selected.[4] The Macquarie Park route was supported by Parramatta, Ryde and The Hills councils.[5][6][7] The Strathfield route was supported by The WestLine Partnership, a lobby group consisting of businesses and organisations with a presence in the area.[8] Auburn and Canada Bay councils were later joined by Strathfield Council as members of the group.[9][10]

The Strathfield route passes through industrial areas of Sydney and the potential for these areas to generate funding and patronage was a key point of contention during the lobbying period. The WestLine Partnership suggested the Strathfield route could be partially financed via value capture. Property developers building urban renewal projects along the line would provide a financial contribution to the government.[11] The group also suggested building a branch from Newington to Rhodes and indicated its funding model could allow a route to Carlingford to be built as well.[12] Supporters of the Macquarie Park route argued the needs of that corridor were more pressing and the Strathfield route would be poorly utilised in its early years.[13][14]

The Parramatta Light Rail scheme was officially unveiled on 8 December 2015, when the government announced it had selected the Strathfield route plus a truncated version of the Macquarie Park route that ends at Carlingford.[15] The two routes were proposed to converge at Camellia and proceed through Parramatta to Westmead.

The government's announcement included a $1 billion contribution towards the project. The government will also adopt the value capture approach advocated by The WestLine Partnership, by instigating a "Special Infrastructure Contribution" on new residential developments along the route. The revenue raised by the levy will be used to help fund the light rail and other infrastructure for the area.[15] The government's investigations into the value capture process held up the announcement of the preferred route but would reportedly have allowed the two lines to be built together.[11] The state government will also explore funding contributions from the federal and local tiers of government.[15] The convenor of The WestLine Partnership stated that the light rail project's funding model would be used as a test case for funding future infrastructure projects.[10]

Construction of the lines was expected to commence in late 2018 but there was no announcement of an expected completion date or a total budget for the project.[16][17] An early estimate from January 2016 put the total cost at $3.51 billion.[18]

Deferral and redesign of the eastern branch

In August 2016 Transport for NSW noted the project could be delivered in stages.[19] A new metro line between the Sydney central business district and Parramatta was announced in November 2016.[20] The metro would adopt a similar route to the Strathfield branch of the light rail; media reports indicated the metro project would most likely cause the deferral of construction of this branch.[21] This was confirmed in February 2017, when it was announced that the Westmead - Camellia section and the Carlingford branch would be built as stage 1 of the light rail project.

Despite the deferral of construction, planning work for the Strathfield via Sydney Olympic Park branch continued.[22] Media reports indicated the route could shift from running to the south of the Parramatta River to the north of the river and that the section from Sydney Olympic Park to Strathfield could be dropped.[23][24]

The preferred stage 2 route was announced on 18 October 2017. The changes reported on by the media were confirmed. The redesigned route runs from either Rydalmere or Camellia to Sydney Olympic Park via Ermington, Melrose Park and Wentworth Point. No details about the project's cost or construction dates were announced. A final business case for stage 2 is scheduled to be completed in 2018.[25]

Design

The routes will begin at Westmead before proceeding east to Camellia or Rydalmere via North Parramatta and the Parramatta CBD. At Camellia/Rydalmere the two routes split. The stage 1 route goes north to Carlingford, while the stage 2 route continues east to Sydney Olympic Park.

Stage 1 (main route through Parramatta and branch to Carlingford)

The stage 1 route was announced on 17 February 2017. The stage 1 route runs between Westmead and Carlingford via North Parramatta, the Parramatta CBD, Camellia, Rydalmere, Dundas and Telopea. It includes sixteen stops along a twelve kilometre route. The stops are:[26][27]

Name Suburb Platform
arrangement		 Notes
Westmead Station Westmead 1 Island, 1 side Includes 3 platforms. Terminus of Western Sydney Stadium special event services.
Westmead Hospital Westmead Side
Children’s Hospital Westmead Island
Cumberland Hospital North Parramatta Side
Factory Street North Parramatta Side
Fennell Street Parramatta Side
Prince Alfred Square Parramatta Side Serves Western Sydney Stadium.
Eat Street Parramatta Side
Parramatta Square Parramatta Side Serves Parramatta railway station. Terminus of Western Sydney Stadium and Rosehill Racecourse special event services.
Harris Street Parramatta Side
Tramway Avenue Parramatta Side Design changed from an island platform to side platforms in February 2018.[28]
Camellia Camellia Side Serves Rosehill Racecourse and is the terminus of special event services to the racecourse.
Rydalmere Rydalmere Side
Dundas Dundas Side
Telopea Telopea Side
Carlingford Carlingford Side

Stage 1 includes two wire-free sections - one between Westmead and Cumberland Hospital and another between Prince Alfred Square and Tramway Avenue.[29] The maintenance and stabling facility will be located east of Rosehill Racecourse. Trams will access the facility via a short branch line that uses the alignment of the Sandown railway line.[30][31]

An Environmental Impact Statement for stage 1 was released in August 2017.[32] Planning approval was granted in May 2018.[33]

In November 2017, a CPB Contractors/Downer Group joint venture and John Holland were shortlisted to build stage 1. At the same time, three consortia were shortlisted to supply the rolling stock, maintain the infrastructure and operate the services:[34][35]

The winning bidders were announced in December 2018. The CPB/Downer joint venture will build the majority of the infrastructure, while Great River City Light Rail will build the depot, light rail stops and power systems, supply the vehicles and operate the network. The total budget for stage 1 is $2.4 billion.[29]

In February 2017, construction was expected to begin in 2018, with the line expected to open in 2023.[22] Work in Parramatta's 'Eat Street' (a section of Church Street) will not start until at least 2020.[36][37][38] A document produced by Transport for NSW in February 2017 stated services would operate every 7.5 minutes throughout the day.[22] However, a press release from December 2018 said services would operate every 7.5 minutes during peak periods, with frequencies at other times left unspecified.[29]

Stage 2 (branch to Sydney Olympic Park)

The second branch of the light rail continues east to Sydney Olympic Park.

There are two options being considered for the connection to the stage 1 route. The first option would utilise the Carlingford railway line (and stage 1) corridor over the Parramatta River to Rydalmere, where it would then branch. The second option would leave the main stage 1 route at Camellia and utilise the branch line built to provide access to the tram depot. It would continue via the Sandown railway line corridor and Grand Avenue, then cross the Parramatta River just east of Rydalmere ferry wharf. Both versions of the route then continue via Ermington and Melrose Park, cross back to the south of the Parramatta River, pass through Wentworth Point and terminate at Sydney Olympic Park. The stage 2 route is around nine kilometres long and will include ten to twelve stops.[25][39]

The original plans for this branch followed a route similar to that taken by Grand Avenue through Camellia before crossing the Duck River, passing through Newington, crossing Haslams Creek, serving Sydney Olympic Park and terminating at the major transport hub of Strathfield.[40]

Railway line closures

The northern branch to Carlingford will reuse most of the Carlingford railway line, which will be closed. The closure includes Rosehill railway station, located between Clyde and Camellia, which will not be served by the light rail project.[40][41]

The Carlingford line is single track for most of its length, has shorter platforms than other lines in Sydney and has long been seen as under-utilised. Patronage declined from 446,000 journeys in 2001 to 260,000 journeys in 2014.[42] 2016-17 patronage figures based on Opal tap on and off data recorded 511,000 journeys on the line during the year. This still places the line last among all train lines in the Opal network.[43] Various modification schemes to revitalise the line had been proposed. Action for Transport 2010, a New South Wales Government plan released in 1998, included the Parramatta Rail Link; a heavy rail line from Parramatta to Chatswood that would have utilised the Carlingford line between Camellia and Carlingford. As part of the Rail Clearways Program announced in 2004, a passing loop was to have been built at Rydalmere, enabling a more frequent service.[44][45] Neither scheme came to fruition.

The Sandown railway line will also close.[41] This short freight line branches from the Carlingford line at Camellia and runs close to the southern bank of the Parramatta River. It became disused when trains from the Clyde Refinery ceased in June 2010.[46] The line remains in place.

Potential extensions

As at February 2017, an extension from Carlingford to Epping was being investigated.[22]

Construction

In July 2018, work commenced on site remediation at the Camelia depot site.[47]

Operation

Transdev will operate the network for eight years, with a possible extension of up to an additional ten years.[48]

Fleet

Stage 1 will be operated by a fleet of thirteen Urbos 3 vehicles built by Spanish company Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF).[48]

Parramatta - Duck River tramway

A tramway that followed a similar route to parts of the Parramatta Light Rail existed between 1883 and 1943. Operated by Sydney Ferries Limited, it travelled from the Parramatta Park end of George Street to the mouth of the Duck River, where it originally connected with the company's Parramatta River ferry services to Sydney.[49][50][51] The connecting ferries ceased in 1928; the line then primarily carried freight until it closed in March 1943.[52][53][54] The Parramatta Light Rail will run via Tramway Avenue, Parramatta - named after the original line.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Western Sydney Light Rail Network". Parramatta City Council. http://www.parracity.nsw.gov.au/work/business_in_parramatta/strategy/solving_transport_problems/light_rail_for_western_sydney. Retrieved 3 July 2013. 
  2. ↑ "Parramatta light rail: $400 million reserved to transform travel to Sydney's second CBD". Transport for NSW. 17 June 2014. http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/media-releases/parramatta-light-rail-400-million-reserved-transform-travel-sydneys-second-cbd. Retrieved 18 June 2014. 
  3. ↑ "Four Western Sydney corridors shortlisted for Parramatta Light Rail". Transport for NSW. 27 October 2014. http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/media-releases/four-western-sydney-corridors-shortlisted-parramatta-light-rail. 
  4. ↑ Lehmann, John (8 June 2015). "Sydney Olympic Park light rail project promises long-overdue ‘linking up’ of infrastructure". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/sydney-olympic-park-light-rail-project-promises-long-overdue-linking-up-of-infrastructure/story-fni0cx4q-1227387417064. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 
  5. ↑ "MEDIA RELEASE: Parramatta City Council’s vision for Western Sydney Light Rail". Parramatta City Council. 11 June 2015. http://www.cityofparramatta.com.au/uncategorized/media-release-parramatta-city-councils-vision-for-western-sydney-light-rail/. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 
  6. ↑ "Parramatta to Macquarie Park Light Rail". City of Ryde. 8 May 2015. http://www.ryde.nsw.gov.au/Council/Media-Centre/News-and-Public-Notices/Parramatta-to-Macquarie-Park-Light-Rail. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 
  7. ↑ "Hills Mayor calls on James Shaw to change track on Light Rail route". The Hills Shire Council. 13 March 2015. http://www.thehills.nsw.gov.au/News-Publications/Hills-Mayor-calls-on-James-Shaw-to-change-track-on-BorgerFoley-Light-Rail-route. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 
  8. ↑ "About The WestLine Partnership". The WestLine Partnership. http://sopba.com.au/sites/sopba.com.au/files/uploads/news/About%20WestLine%20Partnership.pdf. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 
  9. ↑ "Strathfield Council commits $20,000 to support the WestLine Partnership". Strathfield Council. 27 March 2015. https://www.strathfield.nsw.gov.au/news-and-events/media/media-releases-2015/march-27-strathfield-council-commits-20-000-to-support-the-westline-partnership. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Full Steam Ahead for Light Rail Along Olympic Corridor". Sydney Olympic Park Business Association. http://www.sopba.com.au/full-steam-ahead-light-rail-along-olympic-corridor. Retrieved 28 December 2015. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Clennell, Andrew (7 December 2015). "Western Sydney light rail project worth more than $2b to be announced". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/western-sydney-light-rail-project-worth-more-than-2b-to-be-announced/story-fni0cx4q-1227636832486?nk=df48500a9c79d53ca98c0e2084ca53e6-1449470349. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 
  12. ↑ FitzGerald, Deborah (24 February 2015). "Corporate push to connect light rail from Parramatta to Olympic Park with $1.1 billion in private funding". Parramatta Advertiser. http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/parramatta/corporate-push-to-connect-light-rail-from-parramatta-to-olympic-park-with-11-billion-in-private-funding/story-fngr8huy-1227236964226?nk=72e2e94d0aebcb9d05039d802249f3f5-1451327305. 
  13. ↑ "The time is NOW for Light Rail to Carlingford". The Hills Shire Council. 8 June 2015. http://www.thehills.nsw.gov.au/News-Publications/The-time-is-NOW-for-Light-Rail-to-Carlingford. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 
  14. ↑ Kembrey, Melanie; Saulwick, Jacob (7 December 2015). "Premier Mike Baird to announce light rail from Parramatta to Sydney Olympic Park". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/premier-mike-baird-to-announce-light-rail-from-parramatta-to-sydney-olympic-park-20151207-glh36y.html. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Making it happen in Western Sydney: Parramatta light rail network unveiled". Transport for NSW. 8 December 2015. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151208175129/http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/media-releases/making-it-happen-western-sydney-parramatta-light-rail-network-unveiled. 
  16. ↑ "Parramatta Light Rail". Transport for NSW. http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/parramatta-light-rail. Retrieved 8 December 2015. 
  17. ↑ O'Sullivan, Matt (8 December 2015). "Parramatta light rail line via Sydney Olympic Park gets green light". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/parramatta-light-rail-line-via-sydney-olympic-park-gets-green-light-20151207-glhxhg.html. 
  18. ↑ Saulwick, Jacob (16 October 2016). "Parramatta light rail costs blow out to more than $3.5 billion". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/parramatta-light-rail-costs-blow-out-to-more-than-35-billion-20161014-gs300q.html. 
  19. ↑ "Parramatta Light Rail Project Overview". Transport for NSW. August 2016. p. 2. http://data.parramattalightrail.nsw.gov.au/s3fs-public/PLR002_Parra%20promo_1%20Factsheet%20Project%20Overview_FA.pdf. 
  20. ↑ "Sydney Metro West: a new railway, more trains for Western Sydney". Transport for NSW. 14 November 2016. http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/sydney-metro-west-new-railway-more-trains-western-sydney. 
  21. ↑ O'Sullivan, Matt (2 October 2016). "Change of course looms for multibillion-dollar Parramatta light rail". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/change-of-course-looms-for-multibilliondollar-parramatta-light-rail-20160929-grrg7s.html. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 "Parramatta Light Rail – Stage 1: frequently asked questions". Transport for NSW. http://data.parramattalightrail.nsw.gov.au/s3fs-public/PLR%20FS_FAQs_accessible2.pdf. Retrieved 17 February 2017. 
  23. ↑ "New route being considered for the Parramatta Light Rail.". Seven News Sydney. https://twitter.com/7NewsSydney/status/902084316129247232. Retrieved 29 August 2017. 
  24. ↑ "Change of route leaves Sydney suburb out of light rail plans". Nine Digital. 14 July 2017. http://www.9news.com.au/national/2017/07/14/19/17/change-of-route-leaves-sydney-suburb-out-of-light-rail-plans. Retrieved 16 July 2017. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Parramatta Light Rail to Sydney Olympic Park". Transport for NSW. https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/newsroom-and-events/media-releases/parramatta-light-rail-to-sydney-olympic-park. Retrieved 18 October 2017. 
  26. ↑ "Parramatta light rail to connect communities". Transport for NSW. 17 February 2017. http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/parramatta-light-rail-connect-communities. Retrieved 17 February 2017. 
  27. ↑ "Parramatta Light Rail | Stage 1 – Westmead to Carlingford via Camellia: Environmental Impact Statement". Transport for NSW. pp. 5-31–5-52, 5-84–5-85. https://majorprojects.accelo.com/public/e321246b890ccdedc23308fbc50f77ab/01.%20PLR_EIS_Volume%201A.pdf. Retrieved 24 August 2017. 
  28. ↑ "Parramatta Light Rail (Stage 1) – Westmead to Carlingford via Parramatta CBD and Camellia Submissions Report (incorporating Preferred Infrastructure Report)". Transport for NSW. February 2018. pp. 6-49 - 6-50. https://majorprojects.accelo.com/public/20aadb8a266e8fae3bbf1afbb66554c0/Parramatta%20Light%20Rail%20Stage%201_Submissions%20and%20Preferred%20Infrastructure%20Report.pdf. Retrieved 25 February 2018. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 "Parramatta Light Rail contracts signed". Transport for NSW. 20 December 2018. https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/news-and-events/media-releases/parramatta-light-rail-contracts-signed. 
  30. ↑ "Transport for NSW 2015-16 Annual Report Volume 1". Transport for NSW. p. 30. http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/b2b/publications/tfnsw-annual-report-2015-16-volume-1.pdf. Retrieved 18 November 2016. 
  31. ↑ "Preferred route - stage 1". Transport for NSW. http://data.parramattalightrail.nsw.gov.au/s3fs-public/PLR_alignment_map.pdf. Retrieved 17 February 2017. 
  32. ↑ Gilbert, Ewan (23 August 2017). "Parramatta Light Rail: Consultation for stage one nears end as Government confirms acquisitions". ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-23/parramatta-light-rail-consultation-nears-end/8835444?WT.ac=statenews_nsw. 
  33. ↑ "Parramatta Light Rail approved" (in en-AU). Transport for NSW. 30 May 2018. https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/news-and-events/media-releases/parramatta-light-rail-approved. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  34. ↑ World's best to build and operate Parramatta Light Rail Transport for NSW 22 November 2017
  35. ↑ Parramatta light rail shortlists announced Metro Report International 23 November 2017
  36. ↑ "Parramatta Light Rail – Stage 1: Connecting great places". Transport for NSW. March 2017. pp. 1, 4. http://data.parramattalightrail.nsw.gov.au/s3fs-public/AnnouncementBrochureA4.pdf. Retrieved 7 June 2017. 
  37. ↑ NSW ‘guarantees’ later start of Parramatta Light Rail Rail Express
  38. ↑ Construction certainty for Parramatta 'Eat Street' Transport for NSW
  39. ↑ Constance, Andrew. "We're planning light rail extension to Sydney Olympic Park to improve public transport for 1000's[sic of event goers"]. https://twitter.com/AndrewConstance/status/920478958671372288. Retrieved 19 October 2017. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Parramatta Light Rail - How the preferred network was chosen". Transport for NSW. http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/parramatta-light-rail/how-preferred-network-was-chosen. Retrieved 8 December 2015. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Parramatta Light Rail | Stage 1 – Westmead to Carlingford via Camellia: Environmental Impact Statement". Transport for NSW. pp. 5-65, 5-66, 8-27. https://majorprojects.accelo.com/public/e321246b890ccdedc23308fbc50f77ab/01.%20PLR_EIS_Volume%201A.pdf. Retrieved 24 August 2017. 
  42. ↑ "Journeys by line and year". Bureau of Transport Statistics. p. Journeys by line. http://www.bts.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/223/NSW-SydneyTrains_Usage_summary_journeys_Mar2015.zip.aspx. 
  43. ↑ "Train Patronage - Monthly Figures". Transport for NSW. https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/performance-and-analytics/passenger-travel/train-patronage/train-patronage-monthly-figures. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  44. ↑ "Big mini-budget for Sydney's rail network" Railway Digest May 2004 page 8
  45. ↑ "State Environmental Planning Policy No 63—Major Transport Projects (Amendment No 3) under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979". NSW Parliamentary Counsel's Office. September 2005. p. 7. http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/EPIs/2005-543.pdf. Retrieved 22 April 2017. 
  46. ↑ "Sandown: End of the Line" Railway Digest September 2010 page 24
  47. ↑ Future Parramatta light rail stabling site to be decontaminated Rail Express 15 May 2018
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 "Transdev Australasia consortium secures Parramatta Light Rail contract" (PDF). Transdev Australasia. 20 December 2018. https://www.transdev.com.au/media/14057/181220_press-release-transdev-australasia-consortium-secures-parramatta-light-rail-contract_fa.pdf. 
  49. ↑ "The Parramatta Tram". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 October 1883. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13555261. Retrieved 14 July 2016. 
  50. ↑ Dunn, John (2006). Comeng: A History of Commonwealth Engineering Volume 1, 1921-1955. Kenthurst: Rosenberg Publishing. p. 95. ISBN 1877058424. 
  51. ↑ Oakes, John (2009). Sydney's Forgotten Industrial Railways. Redfern: Australian Railway Historical Society. p. 29. ISBN 9780980510645. 
  52. ↑ "Parramatta Ferry to Terminate at Bridge: Company's Decision". The Sun. 7 February 1928. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/224219189. Retrieved 7 June 2017. 
  53. ↑ Hoskins, Ian (2015). "River Cycles - A History of the Parramatta River". http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/river_cycles_-_a_history_of_the_parramatta_river. Retrieved 7 June 2017. 
  54. ↑ McCarthy, Ken (April 1973). "The Era of the Steam Tramway". Trolley Wire 14 No. 2 (145): 3. http://www.sydneytramwaymuseum.com.au/members.old/Trolley_Wire/145%20-%20Trolley%20Wire%20-%20Apr%201973.pdf. 


Attribution

This article incorporates text from the following revision of the English Wikipedia article "Parramatta Light Rail": https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parramatta_Light_Rail&oldid=874918388.

External links

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