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|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" align="left" style="background:#99ff99" |'''Reich''' 
|cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" align="left" style="background:#99ff99" |'''Reich''' 
|[[Pflanzen]]
|[[Plantae]]
|[[Plantae]]
|[[Plantae]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|align="left" style="background:#99ff99"|'''Stamm'''  |||[[Blütenpflanzen]]
|align="left" style="background:#99ff99"|'''Stamm'''  |||[[angiosperm]]
|Magnoliophyta
|Magnoliophyta
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|align="left" style="background:#99ff99"|'''Klasse'''  |||[[Bedecktsamer]]
|align="left" style="background:#99ff99"|'''Klasse'''  |||[[dicots]]
|[[Magnoliopsida]]
|[[Magnoliopsida]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|align="left" style="background:#99ff99"|'''Ordnung'''  |||[[Veilchenartige]]
|align="left" style="background:#99ff99"|'''Ordnung'''  |||[[Violales]]
|Violales
|Violales
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|align="left" style="background:#99ff99"|'''Familie'''  ||[[Kürbisgewächse]]
|align="left" style="background:#99ff99"|'''Family'''  ||[[gourd]]
|Cucurbitaceae
|Cucurbitaceae
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|align="left" style="background:#99ff99"|'''Gattung'''  ||[[Lagenaria]]
|align="left" style="background:#99ff99"|'''Genus'''  ||[[Lagenaria]]
|Lagenaria
|Lagenaria
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ffffff;"
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The plant produces monoecious white flowers that open at dusk. The pumpkin fruit is variable in shape, but is usually spherical or shaped like a bottle with a bulbous part and an elongated neck. The fruits can reach lengths of over one meter. The [[pericarp]] of the fruit becomes woody and hard. The hollowed-out fruits are therefore often used to make storage and drinking vessels, drums, lamps and other utensils.
The plant produces monoecious white flowers that open at dusk. The pumpkin fruit is variable in shape, but is usually spherical or shaped like a bottle with a bulbous part and an elongated neck. The fruits can reach lengths of over one meter. The [[pericarp]] of the fruit becomes woody and hard. The hollowed-out fruits are therefore often used to make storage and drinking vessels, drums, lamps and other utensils.
File:Flaschenkürbis Pito.jpg|Eine Kalebassen-Schale mit [[Pito]], einem Bier aus [[Hirse]], das in Ghana, Nigeria und anderen Teilen Westafrikas gebraut wird.
<gallery>File:Kuerbisblume.jpg|'''Flaschenkürbis''' (''Lagenaria siceraria''), Blüte.
File:KalabashPpt.jpg|'''Flaschenkürbis''' (''Lagenaria siceraria''), unripe fruit.
File:CucurbitaLagerP_pt.jpg|'''Flaschenkürbis''' (''Lagenaria siceraria''),  original by: '''Afbeeldingen der artseny-gewassen met derzelver Nederduitsche en Latynsche beschryvingen (1796).'''
File:Kurbis_frank_P_pt.png|'''Flaschenkürbis''' (''Lagenaria siceraria''), original by: '''Afbeeldingen der artseny-gewassen met derzelver Nederduitsche en Latynsche beschryvingen (1796).'''.
</gallery>
== Origin ==


<gallery>
The species originally comes from tropical regions. The oldest finds from Zambia, Thailand and Peru date back to around 12,000 BC. The cultivation of the fruit and its use as a storage container are very old. The plant is mentioned in ancient times by Pliny the Elder and in the Middle Ages in the Capitulare de villis, where its use as a vegetable is mentioned
Datei:Flaschenkürbis W hyoutan1071.jpg|'''Flaschenkürbis''' (''Lagenaria siceraria''), Blüte.
Datei:Flaschenkürbis W hyoutan2091.jpg|'''Flaschenkürbis''' (''Lagenaria siceraria''), unreife Frucht.
Datei:Lagenaria siceraria DSC 1863.jpg|'''Flaschenkürbis''' (''Lagenaria siceraria''), Abb. aus: '''Afbeeldingen der artseny-gewassen met derzelver Nederduitsche en Latynsche beschryvingen (1796).'''
Datei:Lagenaria siceraria DSC 1864.jpg|'''Flaschenkürbis''' (''Lagenaria siceraria''), Abb. aus: '''Afbeeldingen der artseny-gewassen met derzelver Nederduitsche en Latynsche beschryvingen (1796).'''
Datei:Flaschenkürbis Pito.jpg|Eine Kalebassen-Schale mit [[Pito]], einem Bier aus [[Hirse]], das in Ghana, Nigeria und anderen Teilen Westafrikas gebraut wird.
Datei:Flaschenkürbis 400px-Gourd lamp.jpg|Leuchte aus einer Kalebasse. Künstler: NURETTİN TAŞKAYA.
</gallery>


== Vorkommen ==
<ref>http://de.pluspedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flaschenk%C3%BCrbis&oldid=870098</ref>
Die Art stammt ursprünglich aus tropischen Regionen. Älteste Funde aus Sambia, Thailand und Peru datieren aus der Zeit um 12.000 vor Christi. Die Kultur der Früchte und ihre Nutzung als Vorratsgefäß sind sehr alt. Erwähnungen der Pflanze finden sich in der Antike bei [[Plinius d.Ä.]] und im Mittelalter im [[Capitulare de villis]], in dem die Nutzung als Gemüse erwähnt wird.


== Andere Namen ==
== Andere Namen ==
Line 86: Line 86:
* ''L siceraria'' var. ''laevisperma'' [[Aníbal Roberto Millán|Millan]]<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/23211625</ref><ref>http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:145:0::NO::P3_BOTNAME:Lagenaria+siceraria</ref>
* ''L siceraria'' var. ''laevisperma'' [[Aníbal Roberto Millán|Millan]]<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/23211625</ref><ref>http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:145:0::NO::P3_BOTNAME:Lagenaria+siceraria</ref>
'''International:'''
'''International:'''
* [[Datei:Chile.png|Chile:]] calabacera
* [[File:Chile.png|Chile:]] calabacera
* [[Datei:england.png|Englisch:]] bottle gourd, calabash<ref>Enoch G Achingan-Dako «Phylogenetic and genetic variation analyses in cucurbit species (Cucurbitaceae from West Africa definition of conservation strategies». Cuvillier Verlag Göttingen 2008 ISBN 978-3-86727-785-3</ref>
* [[file:Emgland.png|English:]] bottle gourd, calabash<ref>Enoch G Achingan-Dako «Phylogenetic and genetic variation analyses in cucurbit species (Cucurbitaceae from West Africa definition of conservation strategies». Cuvillier Verlag Göttingen 2008 ISBN 978-3-86727-785-3</ref>
* [[Datei:Italy.png|Italienisch:]] Zucca bottiglia<ref>T. K. Lim 2012. «Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Band 2, Fruits», Springer ISBN 978-94-007-1763-3 </ref>
* [[file:Italy.png|Italienisch:]] Zucca bottiglia<ref>T. K. Lim 2012. «Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Band 2, Fruits», Springer ISBN 978-94-007-1763-3 </ref>
* [[Datei:France.png|Französisch:]] calebasse, gourde
* [[File:France.png|French:]] calebasse, gourde


==Weblinks==
==External Weblinks==
Deekers Waters Deena u.a.2001
Deekers Waters Deena u.a.2001
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226369697_Diversity_in_landraces_and_cultivars_of_bottle_gourd_Lagenaria_siceraria_Cucurbitaceae_as_assessed_by_random_amplified_polymorphic_DNA/link/55266a5a0cf2ee9bad77e0ab/download Diversity in landraces and cultivars of bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria Cucurbitaceae as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA] Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 48:369-380-
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226369697_Diversity_in_landraces_and_cultivars_of_bottle_gourd_Lagenaria_siceraria_Cucurbitaceae_as_assessed_by_random_amplified_polymorphic_DNA/link/55266a5a0cf2ee9bad77e0ab/download Diversity in landraces and cultivars of bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria Cucurbitaceae as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA] Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 48:369-380-


== Einzelnachweise ==
== Notes ==
{{refs}}
 
[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg.png|32px]]
[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995080 d:Q1995080]
{{Refs}}

Latest revision as of 22:59, 13 October 2024

bottle gourd

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.
Reich  Plantae Plantae
Stamm  angiosperm Magnoliophyta
Klasse  dicots Magnoliopsida
Ordnung  Violales Violales
Family  gourd Cucurbitaceae
Genus  Lagenaria Lagenaria
Art  Flaschenkürbis Lagenaria siceraria
Autoren  (Molina) Standl.
Jahr  1930

Phylogenetische Systematik

Ordnung  Kürbisartige Cucurbitales
Familie  Kürbisgewächse Cucurbitaceae

The bottle gourd or calabash(Lagenaria siceraria) is a climbing plant from the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae). Two geographical subspecies of the calabash have been described:

  • ssp. siceraria (L.s. var laevisperma Millan)
  • ssp. asiatica (Kobyakova)Heiser [1](syn. L.vulgaris Ser.ssp.asiatica Kobyakova)

The classification by fruit form proposed by I. Grebenšcikov has not yet become established, but should be mentioned here for the sake of completeness:

  • convar clavatina Greb.
  • convar cugurdina Greb.
  • convar siceraria[2]

Description

The annual plant forms creeping and climbing, branched tendrils with alternate, soft, hairy leaves. The leaf edges are round with entire margins.

The plant produces monoecious white flowers that open at dusk. The pumpkin fruit is variable in shape, but is usually spherical or shaped like a bottle with a bulbous part and an elongated neck. The fruits can reach lengths of over one meter. The pericarp of the fruit becomes woody and hard. The hollowed-out fruits are therefore often used to make storage and drinking vessels, drums, lamps and other utensils. File:Flaschenkürbis Pito.jpg|Eine Kalebassen-Schale mit Pito, einem Bier aus Hirse, das in Ghana, Nigeria und anderen Teilen Westafrikas gebraut wird.

  • Flaschenkürbis (Lagenaria siceraria), Blüte.

    Flaschenkürbis (Lagenaria siceraria), Blüte.

  • Flaschenkürbis (Lagenaria siceraria), unripe fruit.

    Flaschenkürbis (Lagenaria siceraria), unripe fruit.

  • Flaschenkürbis (Lagenaria siceraria), original by: Afbeeldingen der artseny-gewassen met derzelver Nederduitsche en Latynsche beschryvingen (1796).

    Flaschenkürbis (Lagenaria siceraria), original by: Afbeeldingen der artseny-gewassen met derzelver Nederduitsche en Latynsche beschryvingen (1796).

  • Flaschenkürbis (Lagenaria siceraria), original by: Afbeeldingen der artseny-gewassen met derzelver Nederduitsche en Latynsche beschryvingen (1796)..

    Flaschenkürbis (Lagenaria siceraria), original by: Afbeeldingen der artseny-gewassen met derzelver Nederduitsche en Latynsche beschryvingen (1796)..

Origin

The species originally comes from tropical regions. The oldest finds from Zambia, Thailand and Peru date back to around 12,000 BC. The cultivation of the fruit and its use as a storage container are very old. The plant is mentioned in ancient times by Pliny the Elder and in the Middle Ages in the Capitulare de villis, where its use as a vegetable is mentioned

[3]

Andere Namen

Synonyme:

  • Cucurbita lagenaria L.
  • Cucurbita siceraria Molina 1782[4]
  • Cucurbita leucantha Duchesne
  • Cucurbita longa hort.
  • Lagenaria lagenaria (L.) Cockerell, nom. inval.
  • Lagenaria leucantha Rusby
  • Lagenaria vulgaris Ser.
  • L siceraria var. laevisperma Millan[5][6]

International:

External Weblinks

Deekers Waters Deena u.a.2001 Diversity in landraces and cultivars of bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria Cucurbitaceae as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 48:369-380-

Notes

d:Q1995080

References

References:
  1. ↑ https://www.ipni.org/n/60473612-2
  2. ↑ Schriften zu genetischen Ressourcen
  3. ↑ http://de.pluspedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flaschenk%C3%BCrbis&oldid=870098
  4. ↑ Flora of China
  5. ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/23211625
  6. ↑ http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:145:0::NO::P3_BOTNAME:Lagenaria+siceraria
  7. ↑ Enoch G Achingan-Dako «Phylogenetic and genetic variation analyses in cucurbit species (Cucurbitaceae from West Africa definition of conservation strategies». Cuvillier Verlag Göttingen 2008 ISBN 978-3-86727-785-3
  8. ↑ T. K. Lim 2012. «Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Band 2, Fruits», Springer ISBN 978-94-007-1763-3
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